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Scarcity, choice and opportunity cost

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Written by Dr. Ahmed Raza (Economics)

12 Class 11 Economics questions with answers and explanations.

Printable worksheet with answer key

All questions with answers
  1. Scarcity means that:

    • 1 people do not work
    • 2 there is no food
    • 3 goods are expensive
    • 4 resources are limited compared with wants
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    Correct answer: resources are limited compared with wants

    Scarcity is the shortage of resources in relation to unlimited wants.

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  2. The opportunity cost of a choice is:

    • 1 the cost of production
    • 2 the price of the good
    • 3 the money spent
    • 4 the next best alternative given up
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    Correct answer: the next best alternative given up

    Opportunity cost is the value of the best alternative that is given up.

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  3. Which one is NOT a factor of production?

    • 1 Enterprise
    • 2 Labour
    • 3 Money
    • 4 Land
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    Correct answer: Money

    The factors of production are land, labour, capital and enterprise. Money is not a factor in this sense.

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  4. The reward for labour is:

    • 1 interest
    • 2 wages
    • 3 profit
    • 4 rent
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    Correct answer: wages

    Labour earns wages. Land earns rent, capital earns interest and enterprise earns profit.

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  5. The reward for land is:

    • 1 profit
    • 2 interest
    • 3 rent
    • 4 wages
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    Correct answer: rent

    Rent is the payment for the use of land.

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  6. A point inside the production possibility curve shows:

    • 1 impossible output
    • 2 unemployed or wasted resources
    • 3 economic growth
    • 4 full employment
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    Correct answer: unemployed or wasted resources

    Inside the curve the economy is producing less than it could with its resources.

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  7. An outward shift of the production possibility curve shows:

    • 1 scarcity ending
    • 2 rising prices
    • 3 economic growth
    • 4 unemployment
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    Correct answer: economic growth

    More resources or better technology allow more output of both goods.

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  8. Which of the following is a basic economic problem?

    • 1 What to produce
    • 2 Where to sell
    • 3 Which taxes to pay
    • 4 How to advertise
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    Correct answer: What to produce

    Every society must decide what, how and for whom to produce.

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  9. An economy in which the government owns the resources and makes the decisions is called:

    • 1 a free economy
    • 2 a mixed economy
    • 3 a market economy
    • 4 a planned economy
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    Correct answer: a planned economy

    In a planned or command economy the government decides what, how and for whom to produce.

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  10. The study of the whole economy, such as national income and inflation, is:

    • 1 macroeconomics
    • 2 statistics
    • 3 accounting
    • 4 microeconomics
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    Correct answer: macroeconomics

    Macroeconomics looks at the economy as a whole.

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  11. Which statement is a positive statement?

    • 1 Petrol prices rose by 5 % last month.
    • 2 The government ought to lower taxes.
    • 3 Wages are unfairly low.
    • 4 Petrol prices should be lower.
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    Correct answer: Petrol prices rose by 5 % last month.

    A positive statement can be checked against facts. The others contain opinions.

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  12. A farmer uses land to grow wheat instead of rice. The rice that could have been grown is the:

    • 1 profit
    • 2 wage
    • 3 rent
    • 4 opportunity cost
    Show answer

    Correct answer: opportunity cost

    The rice is the next best alternative given up, so it is the opportunity cost.

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