Cell structure and function

Written by Dr. Hira Salman (Biology)

MDCAT · Biology · 8 questions

Name: ____________________ Date: ____________

Which organelle is the main site of ATP production in eukaryotic cells?
- A Golgi apparatus
- B Ribosome
- C Lysosome
- D Mitochondrion
Ribosomes are made of:
- A rRNA and protein
- B DNA and protein
- C Lipids and protein
- D mRNA and carbohydrate
Which structure is found in plant cells but not in animal cells?
- A Ribosomes
- B Cell wall
- C Plasma membrane
- D Mitochondria
The rough endoplasmic reticulum looks rough because of:
- A Folded cell wall
- B Attached lysosomes
- C Lipid droplets
- D Attached ribosomes
Which organelle contains hydrolytic enzymes for intracellular digestion?
- A Peroxisome
- B Nucleolus
- C Lysosome
- D Chloroplast
Which of these is absent in prokaryotic cells?
- A A membrane-bound nucleus
- B Plasma membrane
- C Ribosomes
- D DNA
Which organelle modifies, sorts and packages proteins into vesicles?
- A Centriole
- B Vacuole
- C Golgi apparatus
- D Smooth ER
Which cell structure helps form the spindle fibres during animal cell division?
- A Centrioles
- B Golgi body
- C Nucleolus
- D Chloroplast

Answer key

1. D, 2. A, 3. B, 4. D, 5. C, 6. A, 7. C, 8. A

Aerobic respiration, including the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain, takes place in the mitochondria, which is why they are called the powerhouse of the cell.
A ribosome is built from ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. It reads mRNA and builds proteins.
Plant cells have a cellulose cell wall outside the plasma membrane. Animal cells have no cell wall.
Ribosomes attached to its outer surface give the rough ER its studded look. They make proteins that enter the ER.
Lysosomes hold acid hydrolases that break down worn-out organelles, food particles and invading microbes.
Prokaryotes have their DNA in a nucleoid region with no nuclear envelope. They do have ribosomes, a plasma membrane and DNA.
The Golgi apparatus receives proteins from the ER, modifies them (for example by adding sugar groups) and ships them in vesicles.
Centrioles, found in the centrosome of animal cells, organise the microtubules that form the spindle.