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HSSC chemistry

Written by Dr. Ayesha Nadeem (Chemistry)

34 سوالات: PIEAS کیمیا، جوابات اور وضاحت کے ساتھ۔

جوابی کنجی کے ساتھ قابلِ پرنٹ ورک شیٹ

تمام سوالات جوابات کے ساتھ
  1. The atomic number of carbon is:

    • 1 12
    • 2 14
    • 3 6
    • 4 8
    جواب دیکھیں

    درست جواب: 6

    Carbon has 6 protons.

    غلطی کی اطلاع دیں

  2. The number of moles in 36 g of water (molar mass 18 g/mol) is:

    • 1 0.5
    • 2 18
    • 3 2
    • 4 4
    جواب دیکھیں

    درست جواب: 2

    Moles = mass ÷ molar mass = 36 ÷ 18 = 2.

    غلطی کی اطلاع دیں

  3. The pH of a neutral solution at 25°C is:

    • 1 7
    • 2 0
    • 3 1
    • 4 14
    جواب دیکھیں

    درست جواب: 7

    Pure water has equal H⁺ and OH⁻ concentrations at pH 7.

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  4. Avogadro's number is approximately:

    • 1 3.0 × 10⁸
    • 2 6.02 × 10²³
    • 3 6.02 × 10²⁰
    • 4 1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹
    جواب دیکھیں

    درست جواب: 6.02 × 10²³

    One mole contains this number of particles.

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  5. The number of valence electrons in a sodium atom (1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s¹) is:

    • 1 11
    • 2 8
    • 3 1
    • 4 2
    جواب دیکھیں

    درست جواب: 1

    Only the 3s electron is in the outer shell.

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  6. The general formula of the alkanes is:

    • 1 CₙH₂ₙ₊₂
    • 2 CₙH₂ₙ₋₂
    • 3 CₙH₂ₙ
    • 4 CₙHₙ
    جواب دیکھیں

    درست جواب: CₙH₂ₙ₊₂

    Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons, such as CH₄ and C₂H₆.

    غلطی کی اطلاع دیں

  7. The bond in sodium chloride is:

    • 1 Covalent
    • 2 Ionic
    • 3 Hydrogen bond
    • 4 Metallic
    جواب دیکھیں

    درست جواب: Ionic

    Sodium transfers an electron to chlorine.

    غلطی کی اطلاع دیں

  8. The oxidation number of manganese in KMnO₄ is:

    • 1 +2
    • 2 +4
    • 3 +7
    • 4 −1
    جواب دیکھیں

    درست جواب: +7

    Potassium is +1 and four oxygens are −8, so manganese is +7.

    غلطی کی اطلاع دیں

  9. Boyle's law states that at constant temperature the pressure of a gas is:

    • 1 Inversely proportional to its volume
    • 2 Proportional to its volume
    • 3 Proportional to the square of its volume
    • 4 Independent of its volume
    جواب دیکھیں

    درست جواب: Inversely proportional to its volume

    P₁V₁ = P₂V₂ at a fixed temperature.

    غلطی کی اطلاع دیں

  10. A catalyst changes a reaction by:

    • 1 Increasing the yield only
    • 2 Becoming a product
    • 3 Increasing its rate without being used up
    • 4 Lowering the temperature
    جواب دیکھیں

    درست جواب: Increasing its rate without being used up

    It gives an easier path for the reaction.

    غلطی کی اطلاع دیں

  11. The hybridisation of carbon in methane is:

    • 1 sp³
    • 2 sp
    • 3 sp³d
    • 4 sp²
    جواب دیکھیں

    درست جواب: sp³

    Carbon forms four single bonds in methane.

    غلطی کی اطلاع دیں

  12. The shape of the ammonia molecule is:

    • 1 Trigonal pyramidal
    • 2 Linear
    • 3 Planar triangle
    • 4 Tetrahedral
    جواب دیکھیں

    درست جواب: Trigonal pyramidal

    Nitrogen has three bonds and one lone pair.

    غلطی کی اطلاع دیں

  13. In the reaction N₂ + 3H₂ ⇌ 2NH₃, raising the pressure shifts the equilibrium toward:

    • 1 No change
    • 2 Ammonia
    • 3 Nitrogen
    • 4 Hydrogen
    جواب دیکھیں

    درست جواب: Ammonia

    There are fewer gas molecules on the right.

    غلطی کی اطلاع دیں

  14. The pH of a 0.01 M solution of hydrochloric acid is:

    • 1 12
    • 2 1
    • 3 2
    • 4 0.01
    جواب دیکھیں

    درست جواب: 2

    pH = −log 0.01 = 2.

    غلطی کی اطلاع دیں

  15. Oxidation is the:

    • 1 Gain of neutrons
    • 2 Loss of electrons
    • 3 Gain of electrons
    • 4 Loss of protons
    جواب دیکھیں

    درست جواب: Loss of electrons

    Oxidation is loss of electrons.

    غلطی کی اطلاع دیں

  16. In the electrolysis of brine, chlorine gas is formed at the:

    • 1 Container wall
    • 2 Salt bridge
    • 3 Anode
    • 4 Cathode
    جواب دیکھیں

    درست جواب: Anode

    Chloride ions are oxidised at the anode.

    غلطی کی اطلاع دیں

  17. The functional group of an alcohol is:

    • 1 −NH₂
    • 2 −COOH
    • 3 −OH
    • 4 −CHO
    جواب دیکھیں

    درست جواب: −OH

    Alcohols have a hydroxyl group.

    غلطی کی اطلاع دیں

  18. The IUPAC name of CH₃CH₂OH is:

    • 1 Methanol
    • 2 Ethanol
    • 3 Propanol
    • 4 Ethanal
    جواب دیکھیں

    درست جواب: Ethanol

    The two carbon chain gives eth and the OH group gives ol.

    غلطی کی اطلاع دیں

  19. The molarity of a solution made by dissolving 4 g of NaOH (molar mass 40 g/mol) in 500 mL of solution is:

    • 1 0.1 M
    • 2 0.2 M
    • 3 0.8 M
    • 4 2 M
    جواب دیکھیں

    درست جواب: 0.2 M

    4 ÷ 40 = 0.1 mol in 0.5 L, which is 0.2 M.

    غلطی کی اطلاع دیں

  20. The number of structural isomers of butane (C₄H₁₀) is:

    • 1 4
    • 2 1
    • 3 3
    • 4 2
    جواب دیکھیں

    درست جواب: 2

    They are butane and 2-methylpropane.

    غلطی کی اطلاع دیں

  21. The most electronegative element is:

    • 1 Chlorine
    • 2 Fluorine
    • 3 Oxygen
    • 4 Nitrogen
    جواب دیکھیں

    درست جواب: Fluorine

    Fluorine has the highest electronegativity.

    غلطی کی اطلاع دیں

  22. Across a period of the periodic table from left to right, the atomic radius generally:

    • 1 Stays the same
    • 2 Increases
    • 3 Doubles
    • 4 Decreases
    جواب دیکھیں

    درست جواب: Decreases

    The nuclear charge rises while the shell stays the same.

    غلطی کی اطلاع دیں

  23. The number of sigma bonds in an ethene molecule (C₂H₄) is:

    • 1 4
    • 2 6
    • 3 2
    • 4 5
    جواب دیکھیں

    درست جواب: 5

    There are four C−H bonds and one C−C sigma bond.

    غلطی کی اطلاع دیں

  24. Water has a higher boiling point than hydrogen sulfide because of:

    • 1 Metallic bonding
    • 2 A larger mass
    • 3 Hydrogen bonding
    • 4 Ionic bonding
    جواب دیکھیں

    درست جواب: Hydrogen bonding

    Water molecules form hydrogen bonds with each other.

    غلطی کی اطلاع دیں

  25. Avogadro's law says that equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain:

    • 1 The same density
    • 2 The same mass
    • 3 The same number of atoms of each element
    • 4 The same number of molecules
    جواب دیکھیں

    درست جواب: The same number of molecules

    The number of molecules is the same for every gas.

    غلطی کی اطلاع دیں

  26. For an exothermic reaction the enthalpy change ΔH is:

    • 1 Positive
    • 2 Negative
    • 3 Zero
    • 4 Infinite
    جواب دیکھیں

    درست جواب: Negative

    Heat is released, so the enthalpy of the system falls.

    غلطی کی اطلاع دیں

  27. The effect of a catalyst on the value of the equilibrium constant is that it:

    • 1 Doubles it
    • 2 Increases it
    • 3 Decreases it
    • 4 Does not change it
    جواب دیکھیں

    درست جواب: Does not change it

    A catalyst speeds up the forward and backward reactions equally, so the constant stays the same.

    غلطی کی اطلاع دیں

  28. The mass of 0.5 mol of calcium carbonate (molar mass 100 g/mol) is:

    • 1 100 g
    • 2 50 g
    • 3 200 g
    • 4 5 g
    جواب دیکھیں

    درست جواب: 50 g

    Mass = 0.5 × 100 = 50 g.

    غلطی کی اطلاع دیں

  29. An ionic compound conducts electricity when it is:

    • 1 Solid
    • 2 Cold
    • 3 Molten
    • 4 A powder
    جواب دیکھیں

    درست جواب: Molten

    The ions can move only when molten or dissolved.

    غلطی کی اطلاع دیں

  30. The molecular formula of benzene is:

    • 1 C₆H₁₂
    • 2 C₆H₁₄
    • 3 C₅H₆
    • 4 C₆H₆
    جواب دیکھیں

    درست جواب: C₆H₆

    Benzene has six carbon atoms and six hydrogen atoms.

    غلطی کی اطلاع دیں

  31. The reaction of methane with chlorine in ultraviolet light is a:

    • 1 Elimination reaction
    • 2 Condensation reaction
    • 3 Substitution reaction
    • 4 Addition reaction
    جواب دیکھیں

    درست جواب: Substitution reaction

    A hydrogen atom is replaced by a chlorine atom.

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  32. Which of these is a weak acid?

    • 1 Acetic acid
    • 2 Hydrochloric acid
    • 3 Sulfuric acid
    • 4 Nitric acid
    جواب دیکھیں

    درست جواب: Acetic acid

    Acetic acid ionises only slightly in water.

    غلطی کی اطلاع دیں

  33. The percentage of oxygen by mass in water (H = 1, O = 16) is about:

    • 1 88.9%
    • 2 11.1%
    • 3 50%
    • 4 16%
    جواب دیکھیں

    درست جواب: 88.9%

    The share is 16 ÷ 18 × 100.

    غلطی کی اطلاع دیں

  34. In an electrochemical cell, reduction takes place at the:

    • 1 Cathode
    • 2 Wire
    • 3 Anode
    • 4 Salt bridge
    جواب دیکھیں

    درست جواب: Cathode

    Reduction is gain of electrons at the cathode.

    غلطی کی اطلاع دیں