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Class 10 Physics notes

Written by Dr. Hamza Farooq (Physics)

Chapter notes with key points, definitions, short questions and model answers. Each chapter links to practice questions.

Chapter notes

Simple harmonic motion and waves

Vibrations, simple harmonic motion, the mass on a spring and the simple pendulum, wave motion, transverse and longitudinal waves and the wave equation. Chapter notes

Sound

Production and propagation of sound, longitudinal waves, speed of sound and its dependence on the medium and temperature, characteristics of sound, reflection and echo, acoustics, ultrasound and noise pollution. Chapter notes

Geometrical optics

Refraction of light, Snell's law and refractive index, total internal reflection and optical fibres, prisms, lenses and the lens formula, power of a lens, the human eye and its defects, and simple optical instruments. Chapter notes

Electrostatics

Electric charge and its properties, charging by friction and induction, Coulomb's law, electric field and field lines, electric potential and potential difference, capacitors, series and parallel combinations, and energy stored in a capacitor. Chapter notes

Current electricity

Electric current and potential difference, Ohm's law and resistance, resistivity, series and parallel circuits, electrical power and energy, the kilowatt hour, direct and alternating current, and safety devices in house wiring. Chapter notes

Electromagnetism

Magnetic fields of currents, force on a current carrying conductor, Fleming's left hand rule, the DC motor and galvanometer, electromagnetic induction, Faraday's and Lenz's laws, the AC generator and the transformer. Chapter notes

Basic electronics

Thermionic emission and the cathode ray oscilloscope, semiconductors and doping, the p-n junction diode, rectification, analogue and digital signals, and the logic gates AND, OR, NOT, NAND and NOR with truth tables. Chapter notes

Information and communication technology

Information and communication, communication systems and signals, transmission media, radio waves and modulation, mobile phone networks, satellites and GPS, fibre optics, the internet and its uses, and data transfer speed. Chapter notes

Atomic and nuclear physics

Structure of the atom and nucleus, isotopes, natural radioactivity and the properties of alpha, beta and gamma radiation, half-life, nuclear reactions, mass energy equivalence, fission and fusion, uses of radioisotopes and radiation hazards.

Class 10 Physics practice questions