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Logical deductions
11 MDCAT Logical reasoning questions with answers and explanations.
Printable worksheet with answer key
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All doctors are graduates. All graduates are educated. Conclusion: All doctors are educated. Does the conclusion follow?
- 1 No, it does not follow
- 2 It contradicts the statements
- 3 Only some doctors
- 4 Yes, it follows
Show answer
Correct answer: Yes, it follows
Doctors are inside the group of graduates, and graduates are inside the group of educated people, so doctors are inside educated people.
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Some pens are books. All books are papers. Conclusion: Some pens are papers. Does the conclusion follow?
- 1 No, it does not follow
- 2 It contradicts the statements
- 3 Yes, it follows
- 4 All pens are papers
Show answer
Correct answer: Yes, it follows
The pens that are books must also be papers, because all books are papers. So some pens are papers.
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All cats are animals. Some animals are wild. Conclusion: Some cats are wild. Does the conclusion follow?
- 1 No, it does not necessarily follow
- 2 No cat is wild
- 3 All cats are wild
- 4 Yes, it follows
Show answer
Correct answer: No, it does not necessarily follow
The wild animals may all be other animals, such as lions. The statements do not say that any cat is wild.
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No bird is a mammal. All bats are mammals. Conclusion: No bat is a bird. Does the conclusion follow?
- 1 Yes, it follows
- 2 No, it does not follow
- 3 It contradicts the statements
- 4 Some bats are birds
Show answer
Correct answer: Yes, it follows
Bats are mammals and no mammal is a bird, so no bat can be a bird.
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All A are B. No B is C. Conclusion: No A is C. Does the conclusion follow?
- 1 Some A are C
- 2 It cannot be tested
- 3 No, it does not follow
- 4 Yes, it follows
Show answer
Correct answer: Yes, it follows
Every A is a B, and no B is a C, so no A can be a C.
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Some roses are flowers. All flowers are plants. Conclusion: All roses are plants. Does the conclusion follow?
- 1 No rose is a plant
- 2 It contradicts the statements
- 3 No, only some roses are known to be plants
- 4 Yes, it follows
Show answer
Correct answer: No, only some roses are known to be plants
Only the roses that are flowers are known to be plants. The statements say nothing about the other roses.
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All students are readers. Ali is a student. What follows?
- 1 Ali may not be a reader
- 2 All readers are students
- 3 Ali is not a reader
- 4 Ali is a reader
Show answer
Correct answer: Ali is a reader
Ali belongs to the group of students, and every student is a reader.
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If it rains, the match is cancelled. The match was not cancelled. What follows?
- 1 It rained
- 2 The match was played in the rain
- 3 It did not rain
- 4 Nothing can be said
Show answer
Correct answer: It did not rain
If rain always leads to cancellation, then no cancellation means there was no rain.
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All doctors are graduates. Some graduates are teachers. Which conclusion must be true?
- 1 No doctor is a teacher
- 2 All teachers are doctors
- 3 Some doctors may be teachers, but it is not certain
- 4 All graduates are doctors
Show answer
Correct answer: Some doctors may be teachers, but it is not certain
The statements do not decide whether any doctor is a teacher.
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All roses are flowers. All flowers need water. Which conclusion must be true?
- 1 Some roses do not need water
- 2 No rose is a flower
- 3 All flowers are roses
- 4 All roses need water
Show answer
Correct answer: All roses need water
If roses are flowers and flowers need water, roses need water.
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No cat is a dog. All dogs are animals. Which conclusion must be true?
- 1 No cat is a dog
- 2 All animals are dogs
- 3 Some cats are dogs
- 4 All cats are animals